膜受體的分類
隨著越來越多的膜表面受體被純化，其結構及轉導信號的方式逐步得以闡明。目前，按照受體的結構及其作用方式可將其分為三大類。這三大類受體在配體種類、受體的一般結構和功能及細胞對之發生反應的方式上有所不同，見表21－2。
Table 21－2 Classification of Membrane Receptors:Characteristics of Three Groups of Receptors
| Characteristics | Ion Channel Receptors | G-Protein-Linked receptors | Recetpors with a Single Transmembrane Domain |
| Endogenous ligands | Neurotransmitter | Neurotransmitter | Growth factor hormone |
| Hormone | Cytokine | ||
| Auloacoid | |||
| Chemotactic factor | |||
| Exogenous stimulant | |||
| Structure | Oligomer with a pore | Probably monomer | Monomer of oligoner |
| with (±）catalytic | |||
| domain | |||
| Number of transmem | Four per subunit | Seven | One per subunit |
| bane segments | |||
| Function | Ion channel | Activation of G proteins | Tyrosine kinase |
| Giuanylate cyclase(?) | |||
| Cellular responses | Depolarization or | Depolarization or | Regulation of function |
| hyperpolarization | hyperpolarization | and expression of | |
| Regulation of function | proteins | ||
| and expression of | Proliferation or | ||
| proteins | differentiation |
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