DMSO的性質及應用
英文名稱 ： Dimethyl Sulfoxide
中文名稱 ： 二甲基亞砜
Molecular Weight： 78.13344 [g/mol]
Molecular Formula： C2H6OS
H-Bond Donor： 0
H-Bond Acceptor： 1
Formal Charge： 0
Complexity： 29
品種有：工業級二甲基亞砜、藥用級二甲基亞砜、外用藥級二甲基亞砜、無水級二甲基亞砜、試劑級二甲基亞砜、光譜純級二甲基亞砜、電子級二甲基亞砜；工業級二甲基硫醚、試劑級二甲基硫醚、食用級二甲基硫醚；工業級二甲基、藥用級二甲基砜、食品級二甲基砜；工業級甲硫醇鈉等其他化學產品。
工業級-DMSO用途：
主要用于無水有機化學合成反應和醫藥及中間體合成反應溶劑，使用該溶劑能提高化學反應速度，提高反應物的了收率，縮短反應時間，使合成反應變得更加順利。
藥用級-DMSO用途：
主要用于醫藥及中間體合成反應溶劑，醫藥溶劑及藥物的載體等，使用該溶劑能提高化學應速度，提高反應物收率。
無水級-DMSO用途：
主要用于醫藥及中間體合成反應溶劑，醫藥溶劑及藥物的載體等，使用該溶劑能提高化學應速度，提高反應物收率
外用藥-DMSO用途：
DMSO本身具有醫療作用，起到止痛，消腫，化淤，對皮膚病亦有特殊作用。本品主要使用于醫療和藥物添加劑及藥物載體方面使用
試劑級-DMSO用途:
DMSO用作液體層析溶劑，同時用作測試物質紫外消光值上時用作參照物，存在于液體形態。
電子級-DMSO用途：
電子級DMSO主要用電子電路板蝕刻后的清洗，同時用于稀土金屬的生產及清、電容器電子器件。
二甲基砜（MSM）的用途：
二甲基砜用于人體保健，是人體不可缺少的有機生物硫元素。同時用于化工合成、油墨、高溫介質等有機化工中間體。
甲硫醇鈉（R-SNa）用途：
主要用于醫藥、農藥、蛋氨酸、橡膠硫化劑中間體。
性質及應用 ：
A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. It dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.
生物學中的應用 ：
DMSO is used in PCR to inhibit secondary structures in the DNA template or the DNA primers. It is added to the PCR mix before reacting, where it interferes with the self-complementarity of the DNA, preventing the occurrence of interfering reactions. However, use of DMSO in PCR increases the mutation rate. PCR體系中DMSO的量一般不超過總體積的4% 。
醫學上的應用：
In cryobiology DMSO has been used as a cryoprotectant and is still an important constituent of cryoprotectant vitrification mixtures used to preserve organs, tissues, and cell suspensions. Without it, up to 90 percent of frozen cells will become inactive. It is particularly important in the freezing and long-term storage of embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, which are often frozen in a mixture of 10% DMSO and 90% fetal bovine serum, In the cryogenic freezine of heteroploid cell lines (MDCK, VIRO, etc)a mixture of 10% DMSO with 90% EMEM (70% EMEM + 30% fetal bovine serum + antibiotic mixture.) As part of an autologous bone marrow transplant the DMSO is re-infused along with the patient's own hematopoietic stem cells.
參考 ：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfoxide
http://www.dmso.org/articles/information/muir.htm
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIAL/ 472301
