合成特定形狀納米尺度DNA結構的新方法
納米技術的一個重要目標是復雜、三維納米結構的可編程自我組裝。以DNA為構造單元，合成方法已經發展到了可生成二維設計機構和某些三維結構的階段。Douglas等人介紹了對腳手架式DNA折紙方法的一種優化，新方法能夠生成有或多或少的任何所期望形式的三維目標，尺度達到10到100納米，并且對各種不同的DNA螺旋之位置的控制也達到了令人印象深刻的程度。這種合成方法涉及排列成褶皺鏈及組裝成蜂巢狀三維結構的DNA螺旋。各種不同的DNA鏈通過磷酸基團連接在一起。這種方法能夠生成組裝速度慢的復雜目標，但它也為組裝具有納米尺度特征的定制器件提供了一個途徑，如研究人員已經用這種方法構建出了形狀像方螺帽、十字槽和線框二十面體的目標。
Nature 459, 414-418 （21 May 2009） | doi:10.1038/nature08016; Received 16 December 2008; Accepted 24 March 2009
Self-assembly of DNA into nanoscale three-dimensional shapes
Shawn M. Douglas1,2,3, Hendrik Dietz1,2, Tim Liedl1,2, Bjorn Hogberg1,2, Franziska Graf1,2,3 & William M. Shih1,2,3
Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Correspondence to: William M. Shih1,2,3 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to W.M.S. （Email: william_shih@dfci.harvard.edu）。
Top of pageMolecular self-assembly offers a 'bottom-up' route to fabrication with subnanometre precision of complex structures from simple components. DNA has proved to be a versatile building block for programmable construction of such objects, including two-dimensional crystals, nanotubes, and three-dimensional wireframe nanopolyhedra. Templated self-assembly of DNA into custom two-dimensional shapes on the megadalton scale has been demonstrated previously with a multiple-kilobase 'scaffold strand' that is folded into a flat array of antiparallel helices by interactions with hundreds of oligonucleotide 'staple strands'. Here we extend this method to building custom three-dimensional shapes formed as pleated layers of helices constrained to a honeycomb lattice. We demonstrate the design and assembly of nanostructures approximating six shapes-monolith, square nut, railed bridge, genie bottle, stacked cross, slotted cross-with precisely controlled dimensions ranging from 10 to 100 nm. We also show hierarchical assembly of structures such as homomultimeric linear tracks and heterotrimeric wireframe icosahedra. Proper assembly requires week-long folding times and calibrated monovalent and divalent cation concentrations. We anticipate that our strategy for self-assembling custom three-dimensional shapes will provide a general route to the manufacture of sophisticated devices bearing features on the nanometre scale.
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